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In this recipe, a database snapshot was created using the CREATE DATABASE command: CREATE DATABASE AdventureWorks_Snapshot_June_26_2005 The ON clause included the logical name of the data file from the AdventureWorks database, followed by the physical path and filename of the new database snapshot data file (since the snapshot is read-only, no transaction log file is needed): ON ( NAME = AdventureWorks_Data, FILENAME = 'C:\Apress\Recipes\AdventureWorks_Snapshot_June_26_2005.mdf') The AS clause designated which database the snapshot would be based on: AS SNAPSHOT OF AdventureWorks Once the snapshot was created, an insert was performed on the AdventureWorks database. Behind the scenes, SQL Server copied the pre-change data pages to the database snapshot file. Queries against the snapshot that require data that has changed in the source database since the snapshot was created will be read from the snapshot database. This copy-on-write functionality allows the size of the snapshot file to remain relatively small, meaning that only the data affected by any changes would need to be stored in the snapshot data file.

In this chapter, I covered some of the artistic transformations that ImageMagick lets you apply to images. Read on for information on the remaining operations I haven t covered yet, including other image transformations, drawing facilities, and various programming interfaces.

Specifying this option does not affect the treatment of autoaligned instructions such as LOOP, which the assembler will always align, either by widening density instructions or by inserting NOOP instructions -mno-text-section-literals: Specifying this option tells GCC to place literals in a separate section in the output file This allows the literal pool to be placed in a data RAM/ROM, and also allows the linker to combine literal pools from separate object files to remove redundant literals and improve code size This is the default -mnsa: Specifying this option tells GCC to enable the use of the optional NSA instructions to implement the built-in ffs function This option is only supported in GCC 3x versions of the Xtensa compilers..

To remove a database snapshot, use the DROP DATABASE command. The syntax is as follows: DROP DATABASE database_snapshot_name This command uses just one argument: the name of the database snapshot.

-mserialize-volatile: Specifying this option tells GCC to insert MEMW instructions before volatile memory references in order to guarantee sequential consistency. This option is only supported in GCC 3.x versions of the Xtensa compilers, where this option is the default. -msext: Specifying this option tells GCC to enable the use of the optional SEXT instruction. This option is only supported in GCC 3.x versions of the Xtensa compilers. -msoft-float: Specifying this option tells GCC to disable use of the floating-point option. GCC generates library calls to emulate 32-bit floating-point operations using integer instructions. 64-bit double operations are always emulated with calls to library functions. This option is only supported in GCC 3.x versions of the Xtensa compilers. -mtarget-align: Specifying this option tells GCC to instruct the assembler to automatically align instructions in order to reduce branch penalties at the expense of some code density. The assembler attempts to widen density instructions to align branch targets and the instruction s following call instructions. If there are not enough preceding safe density instructions to align a target, no widening will be performed. This is the default. -mtext-section-literals: Specifying this option tells GCC to intersperse literals in the text section in order to keep them as close as possible to their references. This may be necessary for large assembly files.

In this next example, I demonstrate dropping the database snapshot created in the previous recipe: DROP DATABASE AdventureWorks_Snapshot_Oct_08_2005

or better or for worse, the FSF uses a nonstandard online help format, GNU Info, to document its software. GNU Info is one of those utilities people love to hate. Not only is GNU Info a more powerful and flexible system for documenting software than the ubiquitous Unix manual page, it is also dramatically different, which has kept it from becoming popular. Indeed, if you want to start a flame war on your favorite mailing list, don your asbestos underwear and post a message stating that Info is better than man. Seriously, because GNU Info is not very popular, most people do not now how to use it. Unfortunately, most of GCC s excellent documentation is maintained in GNU Info format; so to get the most out of GCC s own documentation, you have to know how to use GNU Info this chapter teaches you how to do so. I think you will find that it is not nearly as difficult to use as it seems.

The snapshot was removed in this recipe using DROP DATABASE. This removed the snapshot from the SQL Server instance, along with the removal of the underlying physical snapshot file.